I monumenti
Tutti i monumenti, città per città
I luoghi e i capolavori attorno a cui vale la pena costruire una giornata.
MilanoDuomo di MilanoForest of marble spires, rooftop terraces, golden Madonnina, six centuries of constructionConstruction of Milan Cathedral probably began in 1386, with the Veneranda Fabbrica founded in 1387 to continue the project. Its Candoglia-marble Gothic fabric reflects a succession of European designers rather than one architect. The building remains subject to a continuous conservation programme managed by the Fabbrica.Pianifica la visita
MilanoTeatro alla ScalaGiuseppe Piermarini's theatre; Rossini and Verdi repertory; opera and ballet; 1946 Toscanini reopening; Museo Teatrale alla ScalaFounded in 1776 to replace Milan's Royal Ducal Theatre and opened in 1778, Teatro alla Scala is Giuseppe Piermarini's Neoclassical opera house. Its history includes major opera and ballet repertory, wartime destruction and reconstruction, and a 2002–2004 restoration. The related Museo Teatrale, founded in 1911, preserves historical collections and presents changing exhibitions.
SabbionetaSabbionetaRenaissance ideal city built whole, Teatro all'Antica, hexagram walls, one prince's visionSabbioneta is a planned Renaissance town created in the second half of the sixteenth century under Vespasiano Gonzaga Colonna. Its right-angle street grid, defensive walls, public spaces and monuments articulate an unusually coherent expression of Renaissance ideal-city planning. Sabbioneta is not an isolated World Heritage property: it forms one component of the paired UNESCO World Heritage property Mantua and Sabbioneta, inscribed in 2008.
MilanoUNESCOSanta Maria delle GrazieLeonardo's Last Supper, Bramante's tribune, Dominican refectory, timed fifteen-minute visitsLeonardo painted the Last Supper on the refectory wall of this Dominican convent, and the experiment's fragility is why visits last fifteen minutes. Bramante's airy tribune makes the church itself worth the booking.
MilanoCastello SforzescoSforza ducal fortress, Michelangelo's last Pieta, Leonardo's Sala delle Asse, Sempione park axisThe Sforza dukes' brick fortress now shelters Milan's civic museums, including Michelangelo's unfinished Rondanini Pieta, the sculpture he worked until days before his death. Leonardo painted the Sala delle Asse's mulberry bower for Ludovico il Moro.
MilanoGalleria Vittorio Emanuele IIGlass-domed arcade, Milan's drawing room, mosaic bull tradition, Duomo to La Scala passageMilan's iron-and-glass salon connects the Duomo to La Scala beneath a soaring dome, and has been the city's meeting point since 1877. Tradition asks a heel-spin on the mosaic bull for luck, which explains the hollow in the floor.
MilanoPinacoteca di BreraMantegna's Dead Christ, Raphael's Marriage of the Virgin, Hayez's Kiss, artists' quarter palazzoNapoleon stocked Brera with the altarpieces of suppressed churches, and the result is northern Italy's great gallery. Mantegna's foreshortened Dead Christ and Hayez's Kiss anchor rooms that run from Piero to Caravaggio.
Certosa di PaviaCertosa di PaviaLombardy's marble facade, Visconti mausoleum, Carthusian cells, Bergognone altarpiecesThe Visconti commissioned a charterhouse to hold their tombs and gave Lombardy its most extravagant marble facade. Behind the church, each Carthusian cell opens onto its own walled garden along the great cloister.
MantovaUNESCOPalazzo TeGiulio Romano's Mannerist villa, Fall of the Giants room, Hall of the Horses, pleasure palace programFederico II Gonzaga built Palazzo Te for leisure and let Giulio Romano break the rules on every wall. In the Sala dei Giganti the architecture itself appears to collapse as painted giants pull the room down around the visitor.
MantovaUNESCOPalazzo Ducale di MantovaGonzaga city-palace of 500 rooms, Mantegna's Camera degli Sposi, lake-ringed setting, hidden apartmentsThe Gonzaga ruled from a palace that grew into a town of five hundred rooms between Mantua's lakes. Its heart is Mantegna's Camera degli Sposi, where the painted court watches visitors from walls and a famous illusionistic oculus.
MonzaDuomo di MonzaIron Crown of Lombardy, Theodelinda's chapel frescoes, striped Gothic facade, royal coronationsMonza's cathedral guards the Iron Crown, said to hold a nail of the Crucifixion and used to crown kings from Charlemagne to Napoleon. The Zavattari frescoes in Queen Theodelinda's chapel are International Gothic at its most courtly.
CremonaDuomo di Cremona e TorrazzoItaly's tallest brick bell tower, astronomical clock, Romanesque facade, fresco cycle naveCremona's cathedral pairs a rose-windowed Romanesque front with the Torrazzo, the tallest brick bell tower in Italy at 112 meters. Its astronomical clock has tracked the heavens since 1583, and the nave frescoes earn the title of the poor man's Sistine.
PaviaGemma nascostaBasilica di San Pietro in Ciel d'OroA Romanesque basilica in Pavia (consecrated c. 1132) holding the tomb of St. Augustine of Hippo and the philosopher Boethius, named for the gold-leaf mosaics of its apse.
MilanoGemma nascostaMuseo Bagatti ValsecchiA historic house museum in Milan's Montenapoleone district, open since 1994, preserving a 19th-century palazzo furnished with 15th-16th-century Italian Renaissance decorative arts and paintings including works by the Bellini.
SirmioneGrotte di CatulloLargest Roman villa in northern Italy, olive grove ruins, Catullus tradition, peninsula tip panoramaAt the tip of Sirmione's peninsula, the ruins of a vast Roman villa spread through an ancient olive grove above the lake. Tradition gives it to the poet Catullus, who praised Sirmione as the jewel of all islands and peninsulas.
MilanoSan Maurizio al Monastero MaggioreSistine Chapel of Milan, Luini fresco walls, divided nuns' hall, Renaissance color intactEvery surface of this convent church is frescoed, most by Bernardino Luini, which earned it the nickname of Milan's Sistine Chapel. The wall dividing public church from nuns' choir doubles the painted rooms to discover.
MagreglioGemma nascostaMadonna del GhisalloA hilltop shrine above Lake Como confirmed by Pope Pius XII in 1949 as the patron sanctuary of cyclists, housing a small cycling museum of jerseys, bikes and memorabilia.
MonzaVilla Reale di MonzaHabsburg summer palace, Piermarini design, vast walled park, royal apartments restoredAustria built this summer palace for its Milanese viceroys, with Piermarini practicing the neoclassicism he would perfect at La Scala. Its walled park, among Europe's largest, now encloses gardens, farms and the Grand Prix circuit.
SirmioneCastello Scaligero di SirmioneMoated lake fortress, fortified harbor, drawbridge entrance to town, swallowtail battlementsSirmione is entered across the drawbridge of its Scaliger castle, a moated fortress rising straight from Lake Garda. Its rare fortified harbor sheltered the Veronese fleet behind walls and swallowtail battlements.
PaviaPonte CopertoCovered bridge over the Ticino, chapel at midspan, rebuilt after 1944, Borgo Ticino viewsPavia's covered bridge crosses the Ticino under a long tiled roof, with a small chapel at midspan as the medieval builders intended. Rebuilt after wartime bombing, it still carries the evening walk between the center and Borgo Ticino.
LeggiunoGemma nascostaEremo di Santa Caterina del SassoA Roman Catholic hermitage begun in 1170 clinging to a cliff on the shore of Lake Maggiore, reachable by ferry, elevator or a long stairway and decorated with 13th-17th-century frescoes.
PerledoGemma nascostaCastello di VezioA late-11th/early-12th-century fortress above Varenna commanding Lake Como, open to visitors since 1999 with botanical gardens, a quieter alternative to the lake's crowded villas.
CremonaGemma nascostaMuseo del ViolinoStradivari and Amati originals, luthier tradition, audition room recitals, violin-making capitalCremona invented the violin and never stopped making them, with 150 workshops still at the craft. The museum gathers Amati, Guarneri and Stradivari originals, played regularly so the instruments stay alive.
BellagioGiardini di Villa MelziLakeside English gardens, azalea spring, Japanese pond, neoclassical chapel walkNapoleon's Italian vice-president laid out these gardens along Bellagio's shore, the first English-style park on Lake Como. Azaleas flood the lakefront walk each spring between the Japanese pond and the family chapel.
MilanoNavigliLeonardo-engineered canals, aperitivo banks, antique market Sundays, washhouse lanesMilan was once a city of canals, and the two that remain keep its evenings busy with the aperitivo crowd. Leonardo engineered locks for this system, and the last washhouse still stands among the studios and bars.
BresciaCapitolium di BresciaVespasian's temple of 73 AD, reconstructed Corinthian porch, Republican sanctuary below, forum alignmentVespasian's temple still presents its Corinthian porch to Brescia's old forum, partially rebuilt around the original columns. Beneath it survives a Republican sanctuary with its frescoes, the oldest painted walls in northern Italy.
VarennaVilla MonasteroTwo-kilometer lakeside garden, former Cistercian convent, Fermi's lectures, house museumA convent became a villa whose botanical garden now stretches two kilometers along the Varenna shore. Enrico Fermi lectured in its hall in 1954, and the lakeside cypress walk remains Como's most romantic kilometer.
BergamoUNESCOMura Venete di BergamoSix kilometers of ramparts, fourteen bastions, sunset promenade, never-besieged defensesVenice ringed Bergamo with six kilometers of bastioned walls so formidable they were never tested in battle. The ramparts are now the city's sunset promenade, looking south across the Po plain to Milan's distant towers.
BresciaUNESCOMuseo di Santa GiuliaLombard monastery complex, Winged Victory bronze, Desiderius cross, Roman houses beneathBrescia's city museum occupies a Lombard queen's monastery built over Roman villas, so the exhibition descends through both. The gilded Cross of Desiderius and the recovered Winged Victory bronze are its twin treasures.
BergamoCitta Alta di BergamoFunicular-reached upper town, Piazza Vecchia, Colleoni Chapel, skyline of towersBergamo keeps a complete Renaissance town on its hilltop, reached by funicular and closed within Venetian walls. Piazza Vecchia, with its library, tower and fountain, has been called the most beautiful square in Italy with little argument.
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Dove si concentrano i monumenti in Lombardia.